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From Greek and Roman Mythology & Heroic Legend, by Professor H. Steuding, Translated from the German and Edited by Lionel D. Barnett. The Temple Primers, London: J. M. Dent; 1901; p. 121.

[121]

V.  Personifications.   § 214.  By transferring to the spheres of abstract thought and morals the conceptions which had aroused the belief in the Indigetes or Spirits of Actions, the Romans early arrived at a worship of real personifications. Among the oldest of these are Fortuna, the goddess of good luck, usually characterised by a rudder and horn of plenty; Fides, Good Faith, with ears of corn and a basket of fruit; Concordia, or Harmony, with a horn of plenty and patera; Honos and Virtus, the god of Honour and the goddess representing valour, both equipped with arms; Spes or Hope, with a flower in her hand; Pudicitia or Chastity, veiled; and Salus, or Salvation. Later were added Pietas, love for parents, Libertas, Freedom, Febris, the goddess of ague, Clementia, Mildness, with a patera and sceptre, Pax, the goddess of peace, with the olive-branch; and at last in the Imperial Age it became the custom to personify in the form of a woman characterised by appropriate attributes any abstract idea that took the fancy.





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Mythology and Religion of the Romans :

VI.  Deities of Foreign Origin.



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